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| The Mars Planet |
The
Mars is fourth planet of our solar system from the Sun. The planet named after
the god of war. But the name is from the Greeks, their god of war
Ares. The color of planet Mars is bloody red. The surface consists of maximum
level of iron oxide. The iron oxide is blood red colored, so the planet color
is bloody red color. So the planet Mars called as “Red Planet”. Four billion years ago, the Mars is our Earth like. It has atmosphere, liquid
flowing on the surface. The Mars core unfortunately stops and planet losing its
global magnetic field. So the weaker magnetic field allows the harmful
radiations to inter atmosphere of the Mars. These radiations destroyed the
atmosphere of planet. The Mars is only potentially habitable planet in our
solar system, but still human cannot breathe and could not alive without space
suit. The average temperature of the planet is -60 degrees Celsius. The Mars is
in habitable zone of our sun, but it lost their Earth like atmosphere.
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| The Red Planet: Mars |
Atmosphere of the Mars
As
we already seen that Mars lost their Earth like atmosphere. But the Mars still has an
atmosphere. The Mars has much thinner atmosphere than the Earth. And the
atmospheric pressure is one hundredth time less than the Earth atmospheric
pressure. The Mars surrounds with the layers of gases. Primarily the Mars is
composed with carbon dioxide, argon and nitrogen (molecular form). It also
contains the low traces of water vapor, oxygen, carbon monoxide, hydrogen. The
carbon dioxide level is approximately 95%, oxygen is 0.17%, carbon monoxide is
0.075%, water vapor variable is 0.03%.
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| Atmosphere of the Mars |
The
atmosphere of Mars is thinner than Earth but it is still thick enough to
support wind, weather and clouds. On Earth, due to the regular flow of water which
created the valleys, craters likewise Mars also has geological feature. This is
the evidence that some billions years ago, water was flowing on the surface of
Mars. Like Earth has natural satellite, our Moon, the Mars also has Moons named “Phobos” (fear) and “Deimos”(panic). These moons are named after the sons of
the Greeks god of war Ares. As we already discussed that the Mars has very
thin atmosphere but still supports wind. The wind on Mars always grows big,
sometimes it covers entire planet. The storm takes dust particles from the
surface. The dust storm absorbs the sunlight, warming the atmosphere of the
Mars. The warm air flows towards the colder region of planet which generate
storm. The warm wind takes more dust from the surface and grows bigger and
bigger.
What is the Mars made
of?
Now
we are looking insight the planet Mars. The Mars as main three layers Crust,
Mantle and Core. The Mars is like Earth according to the composition. The Mars
is rocky planet it has Earth like mountains, volcanos, plains, valleys, craters
and etc. The Mars has also Earth like tilt but it is not constant due to
smaller sized moons compared with the Earth. Our moon controls the tilt of our
planet by it gravitational force effect. This one of the reason the Mars has no
living life on it. Now let us discuss the insight composition of the Mars.
Starting from the Crust.
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| The Inner Composition of the Mars |
The Crust of the Mars
Crust
covered with dust, fine like a talcum powder. Now after the dusty layer, the Martian
crust is mostly volcanic basalt solid rocky. The dusty soil also consists of
magnesium, potassium and chloride. The thickness of Mars’s crust is 6 miles to
30 miles or 10 km to 50 km. Unlike Earth, the Martian crust is thought to be one
piece. Mars crust don’t have any tectonic plates; the crust is motion less. The
Martian soil is toxic, because of high level of perchlorate compounds.
According to scientific research the chemical elements in the crust are iron,
oxygen, potassium, calcium, magnesium and aluminum. These are elements found
in igneous rocks.
The Mantle of the Mars
The Mantle lies beneath the crust and it is largely
dormant. Primarily, it is made up of silicon, oxygen, iron and magnesium and
probably has consistency of soft rocky paste. The Mantle is probably about 770
miles to 1,170 miles or 1,240 km to 1,880 km thick.
The Mantle of Mars have a similar composition
to that of Earth, according to composition of Mars meteorites that have crashed
down onto Earth and could also be made up of olivne rich rocks called as
Peridotites. Martian Mantle has no discontinuity because it is not deep enough
as compared with the Earth.
The
mantle of Mars planet is a part that plays a major role in evolution of planet.
The partly molten rocky material forms magmatic fluids that infiltrate upwards
to the crust. These magmatic fluids trigger huge volcanic eruption that able to
change the climate or foster life form able to survive.
The Core Composition of
Mars
Every
planet has a core. The core of Mars is likely solid core composed with the Sulphur,
iron and nickel. The diameter of core is about 930 to 1300 miles or 1500 to
2100 km. the core of Mars is inactive, its motion is stopped. So the magnetic
field is weaker than Earth and it is continually losing. Due to the lesser
magnetic field the planet exposed to the harmful radiation from sun and from
interstellar object. This destroyed the atmosphere of the Mars. This makes the
Mars relatively inhospitable compared to Earth.
Magnetic Field of the
Mars
As we discussed early that the Mars have no
global magnetic field around it. So the question arise as, does Mars have a
magnetic field? The Mars doesn’t have a global magnetic field but it has a
relatively small patches of magnetized crust. The solar wind interacts with the
magnetized crust which creates relatively small magnetosphere. Now only feeble
remnant of that magnetic field, spreading out of the planet’s weakly magnetized
crust.
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| The Magnetic Field of the Mars |
Now
the question arises as, why does the Mars lack a magnetic field? The main facts
of losing magnetic field of the planet is the engine which gives the power to
produce global magnetic field of planet. The hot liquid with iron and nickel
flowing at the core which produce the magnetic field around entire planet,
mysteriously stopped working around the 4 billion years ago. So no any power to
start again such process, as a result lack the magnetic field as time goes. This
weaker magnetic field destroyed the atmosphere of the planet.
Orbit of the Mars
around the Sun
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| The Orbit of the Mars |
The orbit of Mars is more elliptical than that
of the Earth. So the difference between perihelion and aphelion is greater. Now
Mars orbit has been getting more and more elongated, carrying planet nearer at
perihelion to the sun and farther away from the Sun at aphelion. The Mars
requires 687 days to complete one revolution around the sun. the axis of
rotation is tilted 25.2 degrees relative to the plane of planet’s orbit around
the sun. The tilted axis causes seasons on the Mars likely on the Earth.
The Moons of the Mars
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| The Phobos and Deimos orbit of the Mars |
The Martian Moons are smallest moons in our
solar system. The Phobos and Deimos re the two moons of the Mars. These moons
are like an asteroid. It looks like the asteroids are trapped in the gravity of
the Mars. Both the moons are orbits only 3,700 miles or 6000 km from the surface
of the Mars. No any moon is such closest to any of the planet in our solar
system. The Phobos completes its orbit around the Mars three times a day and
Deimos requires 30 days to complete one orbit around the Mars. Likely Earth’s
moon, Phobos and Deimos are tidally locked. Tidally locked means the one
surface of the moon is always faces to planet. The phobos moon gradually spiraling
towards the surface of the Mars. Within 50 million years approximately phobos
will crash on the Martian surface or breaks up to form a ring around the Mars.
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| The Phobos and Deimos : Moons of the Mars |
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